![]() Like other spinal discs, the sacrococcygeal disc may degenerate due to natural aging. This disc is thinner and less robust than the other vertebral discs in the spinal column. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL) 2022. DOI: 10.1097/BCO.0000000000000502 Sacrococcygeal discĪ thin fibro-cartilaginous disc is situated between S5 and Co1, and it serves as a cushion to absorb weight from the upper body.Ĥ Chaudhry SR, Nahian A, Chaudhry K. The joint contributes to pelvic stability and is strengthened by the tough and resilient set of anterior, posterior, and lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments.ġ Protzer L, Seligson D, Doursounian L. The sacrococcygeal symphysis is a slightly moveable joint. Structure of the sacrococcygeal symphysis The sacrococcygeal symphysis is a small intervertebral joint that connects S5 to Co1.Ĥ Chaudhry SR, Nahian A, Chaudhry K. Sacrococcygeal Symphysis: The Articulation between the Sacrum and the Coccyx Clinical anatomy of the coccyx: A systematic review. The timing of coccygeal ossification varies among individuals, but it is typically complete by the mid-20s.ģ Woon JTK, Stringer MD. ![]() Through adolescence and early adulthood, the vertebrae gradually fuse to form a solid bone structure through a process known as coccygeal ossification.ģ Woon JTK, Stringer MD. The coccygeal vertebrae fuse in early adulthoodĭuring early development, each vertebra of the coccyx forms independently, similar to the rest of the vertebral column. The apex is a point of attachment for soft tissues that support the pelvic floor and anus.ĭespite its small size, the coccyx is crucial in providing stability for the lower back and pelvis, 1 the weight-bearing tripod structure that supports a sitting position. The apex of the coccyx is the pointed end, which curves forward and downward. The lateral surfaces or sides of the coccyx serve as points of attachment for nearby soft tissues. The coccyx's anterior (front) surface contains slightly concave grooves that are remnants of the vertebral foramina. The coccyx's posterior (back) surface contains small, rounded protrusions that are remnants of the spinous processes of the fused coccygeal vertebrae. The coccygeal cornua articulate with the cornua of the sacrum, forming part of the sacrococcygeal symphysis joint and the intervertebral foramen that the S5 nerve passes through. Coccygeal cornua: two horn-like structures that project upward from the base of the coccyx.Transverse processes: bony attachment points for pelvic soft tissues.Co1 is the only coccygeal vertebra with the following two unique features: The base of the coccyx is formed by the first and broadest coccygeal vertebra, Co1, which sits immediately below S5, the 5 th sacral vertebra. The parts of the coccyx are discussed belowĢ Foye PM. When viewed from the side, the coccyx has varying degrees of a convex angle, appearing in the direction of the thoracic spine or middle back. The entire coccyx measures approximately 4-10 cm in length and is positioned as an inverted triangle-with the base on top and the apex below.ġ Protzer L, Seligson D, Doursounian L. The coccyx comprises 3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae that get progressively smaller from top to bottom. While injury to the coccyx area can usually heal on its own, it is still important to seek an accurate diagnosis and care plan to help prevent it from worsening or becoming chronic. ![]() The pain from coccydynia is usually much worse while sitting, or when moving from a sitting to a standing position. Typical causes include falls, childbirth, or sitting for long periods of time. Women are more likely to bear some weight on the coccyx, making them more likely to acquire coccydynia.Ĭoccydynia typically occurs when the bones in the coccyx move beyond their limited range of motion, which causes the ligaments between the bones of the coccyx to become inflamed. When seated, men will primarily bear the weight on the lower parts of the hip, called the ischial tuberosities. In women the hip is tilted forward, and the sacrum is rotated outward. In men, the hip is aligned more upright, and the sacrum is rotated inward. The coccyx varies in size from person to person. The coccyx consists of three to five small bones that are fused, or nearly fused, with only limited movement between them. Coccydynia, or tailbone pain, is persistent pain at the bottom of the spine due to injury or inflammation in or around the coccyx. ![]()
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